Intelligent Systems


2024


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Physics-Based Rigid Body Object Tracking and Friction Filtering From RGB-D Videos

Kandukuri, R. K., Strecke, M., Stueckler, J.

In International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV), 2024, accepted, preprint arXiv: 2309.15703 (inproceedings) Accepted

Abstract
Physics-based understanding of object interactions from sensory observations is an essential capability in augmented reality and robotics. It enables capturing the properties of a scene for simulation and control. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for real-to-sim which tracks rigid objects in 3D from RGB-D images and infers physical properties of the objects. We use a differentiable physics simulation as state-transition model in an Extended Kalman Filter which can model contact and friction for arbitrary mesh-based shapes and in this way estimate physically plausible trajectories. We demonstrate that our approach can filter position, orientation, velocities, and concurrently can estimate the coefficient of friction of the objects. We analyse our approach on various sliding scenarios in synthetic image sequences of single objects and colliding objects. We also demonstrate and evaluate our approach on a real-world dataset. We will make our novel benchmark datasets publicly available to foster future research in this novel problem setting and comparison with our method.

preprint supplemental video dataset [BibTex]

2024

preprint supplemental video dataset [BibTex]


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Event-based Non-Rigid Reconstruction of Low-Rank Parametrized Deformations from Contours

Xue, Y., Li, H., Leutenegger, S., Stueckler, J.

International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV), 2024 (article)

Abstract
Visual reconstruction of fast non-rigid object deformations over time is a challenge for conventional frame-based cameras. In recent years, event cameras have gained significant attention due to their bio-inspired properties, such as high temporal resolution and high dynamic range. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for reconstructing such deformations using event measurements. Under the assumption of a static background, where all events are generated by the motion, our approach estimates the deformation of objects from events generated at the object contour in a probabilistic optimization framework. It associates events to mesh faces on the contour and maximizes the alignment of the line of sight through the event pixel with the associated face. In experiments on synthetic and real data of human body motion, we demonstrate the advantages of our method over state-of-the-art optimization and learning-based approaches for reconstructing the motion of human arms and hands. In addition, we propose an efficient event stream simulator to synthesize realistic event data for human motion.

DOI [BibTex]

DOI [BibTex]


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Online Calibration of a Single-Track Ground Vehicle Dynamics Model by Tight Fusion with Visual-Inertial Odometry

Li, H., Stueckler, J.

In Accepted for IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2024, accepted, preprint arXiv:2309.11148 (inproceedings) Accepted

Abstract
Wheeled mobile robots need the ability to estimate their motion and the effect of their control actions for navigation planning. In this paper, we present ST-VIO, a novel approach which tightly fuses a single-track dynamics model for wheeled ground vehicles with visual inertial odometry. Our method calibrates and adapts the dynamics model online and facilitates accurate forward prediction conditioned on future control inputs. The single-track dynamics model approximates wheeled vehicle motion under specific control inputs on flat ground using ordinary differential equations. We use a singularity-free and differentiable variant of the single-track model to enable seamless integration as dynamics factor into VIO and to optimize the model parameters online together with the VIO state variables. We validate our method with real-world data in both indoor and outdoor environments with different terrain types and wheels. In our experiments, we demonstrate that our ST-VIO can not only adapt to the change of the environments and achieve accurate prediction under new control inputs, but even improves the tracking accuracy.

preprint supplemental video [BibTex]

preprint supplemental video [BibTex]

2023


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Black-Box vs. Gray-Box: A Case Study on Learning Table Tennis Ball Trajectory Prediction with Spin and Impacts

Achterhold, J., Tobuschat, P., Ma, H., Büchler, D., Muehlebach, M., Stueckler, J.

In Proceedings of the 5th Annual Learning for Dynamics and Control Conference (L4DC), 211, pages: 878-890, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, (Editors: Nikolai Matni, Manfred Morari and George J. Pappa), PMLR, June 2023 (inproceedings)

preprint code link (url) [BibTex]

2023

preprint code link (url) [BibTex]


Visual-Inertial and Leg Odometry Fusion for Dynamic Locomotion
Visual-Inertial and Leg Odometry Fusion for Dynamic Locomotion

Dhédin, V., Li, H., Khorshidi, S., Mack, L., Ravi, A. K. C., Meduri, A., Shah, P., Grimminger, F., Righetti, L., Khadiv, M., Stueckler, J.

In Accepted for IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), arXiv:2210.02127, 2023 (inproceedings) Accepted

Abstract
Implementing dynamic locomotion behaviors on legged robots requires a high-quality state estimation module. Especially when the motion includes flight phases, state-of-the-art approaches fail to produce reliable estimation of the robot posture, in particular base height. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for combining visual-inertial odometry (VIO) with leg odometry in an extended Kalman filter (EKF) based state estimator. The VIO module uses a stereo camera and IMU to yield low-drift 3D position and yaw orientation and drift-free pitch and roll orientation of the robot base link in the inertial frame. However, these values have a considerable amount of latency due to image processing and optimization, while the rate of update is quite low which is not suitable for low-level control. To reduce the latency, we predict the VIO state estimate at the rate of the IMU measurements of the VIO sensor. The EKF module uses the base pose and linear velocity predicted by VIO, fuses them further with a second high-rate IMU and leg odometry measurements, and produces robot state estimates with a high frequency and small latency suitable for control. We integrate this lightweight estimation framework with a nonlinear model predictive controller and show successful implementation of a set of agile locomotion behaviors, including trotting and jumping at varying horizontal speeds, on a torque-controlled quadruped robot.

preprint video link (url) [BibTex]

preprint video link (url) [BibTex]


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Learning-based Relational Object Matching Across Views

Elich, C., Armeni, I., Oswald, M. R., Pollefeys, M., Stueckler, J.

In Accepted for IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2023, arXiv:2305.02398 (inproceedings) Accepted

preprint [BibTex]

preprint [BibTex]


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Challenging Common Assumptions in Multi-task Learning

Elich, C., Kirchdorfer, L., Köhler, J. M., Schott, L.

abs/2311.04698, CoRR/arxiv, 2023 (techreport)

paper link (url) [BibTex]

paper link (url) [BibTex]


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Context-Conditional Navigation with a Learning-Based Terrain- and Robot-Aware Dynamics Model

Guttikonda, S., Achterhold, J., Li, H., Boedecker, J., Stueckler, J.

In Accepted for the European Conference on Mobile Robots (ECMR), 2023, accepted (inproceedings) Accepted

preprint code [BibTex]

preprint code [BibTex]

2022


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Weakly Supervised Learning of Multi-Object 3D Scene Decompositions Using Deep Shape Priors

Elich, C., Oswald, M. R., Pollefeys, M., Stueckler, J.

Computer Vision and Image Understanding (CVIU), 2022 (article) Accepted

Abstract
Representing scenes at the granularity of objects is a prerequisite for scene understanding and decision making. We propose PriSMONet, a novel approach based on Prior Shape knowledge for learning Multi-Object 3D scene decomposition and representations from single images. Our approach learns to decompose images of synthetic scenes with multiple objects on a planar surface into its constituent scene objects and to infer their 3D properties from a single view. A recurrent encoder regresses a latent representation of 3D shape, pose and texture of each object from an input RGB image. By differentiable rendering, we train our model to decompose scenes from RGB-D images in a self-supervised way. The 3D shapes are represented continuously in function-space as signed distance functions which we pre-train from example shapes in a supervised way. These shape priors provide weak supervision signals to better condition the challenging overall learning task. We evaluate the accuracy of our model in inferring 3D scene layout, demonstrate its generative capabilities, assess its generalization to real images, and point out benefits of the learned representation.

Link Preprint link (url) DOI Project Page [BibTex]

2022

Link Preprint link (url) DOI Project Page [BibTex]


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Observability Analysis of Visual-Inertial Odometry with Online Calibration of Velocity-Control Based Kinematic Motion Models

Li, H., Stueckler, J.

abs/2204.06651, CoRR/arxiv, 2022 (techreport)

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the observability of the visual-inertial odometry (VIO) using stereo cameras with a velocity-control based kinematic motion model. Previous work shows that in general case the global position and yaw are unobservable in VIO system, additionally the roll and pitch become also unobservable if there is no rotation. We prove that by integrating a planar motion constraint roll and pitch become observable. We also show that the parameters of the motion model are observable.

link (url) [BibTex]


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Visual-Inertial Odometry with Online Calibration of Velocity-Control Based Kinematic Motion Models

Li, H., Stueckler, J.

IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L), 2022, Accepted for oral presentation at IEEE ICRA 2023 (article) Accepted

Abstract
Visual-inertial odometry (VIO) is an important technology for autonomous robots with power and payload constraints. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for VIO with stereo cameras which integrates and calibrates the velocity-control based kinematic motion model of wheeled mobile robots online. Including such a motion model can help to improve the accuracy of VIO. Compared to several previous approaches proposed to integrate wheel odometer measurements for this purpose, our method does not require wheel encoders and can be applied when the robot motion can be modeled with velocity-control based kinematic motion model. We use radial basis function (RBF) kernels to compensate for the time delay and deviations between control commands and actual robot motion. The motion model is calibrated online by the VIO system and can be used as a forward model for motion control and planning. We evaluate our approach with data obtained in variously sized indoor environments, demonstrate improvements over a pure VIO method, and evaluate the prediction accuracy of the online calibrated model.

preprint [BibTex]

preprint [BibTex]


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Event-based Non-Rigid Reconstruction from Contours

(Best Student Paper Award)

Xue, Y., Li, H., Leutenegger, S., Stueckler, J.

In British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC), 2022 (inproceedings) Accepted

Abstract
Visual reconstruction of fast non-rigid object deformations over time is a challenge for conventional frame-based cameras. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for reconstructing such deformations using measurements from event-based cameras. Our approach estimates the deformation of objects from events generated at the object contour in a probabilistic optimization framework. It associates events to mesh faces on the contour and maximizes the alignment of the line of sight through the event pixel with the associated face. In experiments on synthetic and real data, we demonstrate the advantages of our method over state-of-the-art optimization and learning-based approaches for reconstructing the motion of human hands.

preprint video [BibTex]

preprint video [BibTex]


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Learning Temporally Extended Skills in Continuous Domains as Symbolic Actions for Planning

Achterhold, J., Krimmel, M., Stueckler, J.

In Conference on Robot Learning (CoRL), 2022, accepted (inproceedings) Accepted

Abstract
Problems which require both long-horizon planning and continuous control capabilities pose significant challenges to existing reinforcement learning agents. In this paper we introduce a novel hierarchical reinforcement learning agent which links temporally extended skills for continuous control with a forward model in a symbolic discrete abstraction of the environment's state for planning. We term our agent SEADS for Symbolic Effect-Aware Diverse Skills. We formulate an objective and corresponding algorithm which leads to unsupervised learning of a diverse set of skills through intrinsic motivation given a known state abstraction. The skills are jointly learned with the symbolic forward model which captures the effect of skill execution in the state abstraction. After training, we can leverage the skills as symbolic actions using the forward model for long-horizon planning and subsequently execute the plan using the learned continuous-action control skills. The proposed algorithm learns skills and forward models that can be used to solve complex tasks which require both continuous control and long-horizon planning capabilities with high success rate. It compares favorably with other flat and hierarchical reinforcement learning baseline agents and is successfully demonstrated with a real robot.

preprint project website link (url) [BibTex]

2021


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Physically Plausible Tracking & Reconstruction of Dynamic Objects

Strecke, M., Stückler, J.

KIT Science Week Scientific Conference & DGR-Days 2021, October 2021 (talk)

[BibTex]

[BibTex]


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Tracking 6-DoF Object Motion from Events and Frames

Li, H., Stueckler, J.

In Proc. of IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2021 (inproceedings)

preprint link (url) DOI Project Page [BibTex]

preprint link (url) DOI Project Page [BibTex]


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Explore the Context: Optimal Data Collection for Context-Conditional Dynamics Models

Achterhold, J., Stueckler, J.

In Proc. of the 24th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 2021, preprint CoRR abs/2102.11394 (inproceedings)

Abstract
In this paper, we learn dynamics models for parametrized families of dynamical systems with varying properties. The dynamics models are formulated as stochastic processes conditioned on a latent context variable which is inferred from observed transitions of the respective system. The probabilistic formulation allows us to compute an action sequence which, for a limited number of environment interactions, optimally explores the given system within the parametrized family. This is achieved by steering the system through transitions being most informative for the context variable. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for exploration on a non-linear toy-problem and two well-known reinforcement learning environments.

Preprint Project page Poster link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

Preprint Project page Poster link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

2020


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Where Does It End? - Reasoning About Hidden Surfaces by Object Intersection Constraints

Strecke, M., Stückler, J.

In Proceedings IEEE/CVF Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) 2020, June 2020, preprint Corr abs/2004.04630 (inproceedings)

preprint project page Code DOI Project Page [BibTex]

2020

preprint project page Code DOI Project Page [BibTex]


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Numerical Quadrature for Probabilistic Policy Search

Vinogradska, J., Bischoff, B., Achterhold, J., Koller, T., Peters, J.

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 42(1):164-175, 2020 (article)

DOI [BibTex]

DOI [BibTex]


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25th International Symposium on Vision, Modeling and Visualization, VMV 2020
(Editors: Jens Krüger and Matthias Nießner and Jörg Stückler), Eurographics Association, 2020 (proceedings)

[BibTex]

[BibTex]


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TUM Flyers: Vision-Based MAV Navigation for Systematic Inspection of Structures

Usenko, V., Stumberg, L. V., Stückler, J., Cremers, D.

In Bringing Innovative Robotic Technologies from Research Labs to Industrial End-users: The Experience of the European Robotics Challenges, 136, pages: 189-209, Springer International Publishing, 2020 (inbook)

link (url) [BibTex]

link (url) [BibTex]


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Learning to Identify Physical Parameters from Video Using Differentiable Physics

Kandukuri, R., Achterhold, J., Moeller, M., Stueckler, J.

Proc. of the 42th German Conference on Pattern Recognition (GCPR), 2020, GCPR 2020 Honorable Mention, preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.08292 (conference)

link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

link (url) Project Page [BibTex]


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Planning from Images with Deep Latent Gaussian Process Dynamics

Bosch, N., Achterhold, J., Leal-Taixe, L., Stückler, J.

Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Learning for Dynamics and Control (L4DC), 120, pages: 640-650, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research (PMLR), (Editors: Alexandre M. Bayen and Ali Jadbabaie and George Pappas and Pablo A. Parrilo and Benjamin Recht and Claire Tomlin and Melanie Zeilinger), 2020, preprint arXiv:2005.03770 (conference)

Ppreprint Project page Code poster link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

Ppreprint Project page Code poster link (url) Project Page [BibTex]


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Sample-efficient Cross-Entropy Method for Real-time Planning

Pinneri, C., Sawant, S., Blaes, S., Achterhold, J., Stueckler, J., Rolinek, M., Martius, G.

In Conference on Robot Learning 2020, 2020 (inproceedings)

Abstract
Trajectory optimizers for model-based reinforcement learning, such as the Cross-Entropy Method (CEM), can yield compelling results even in high-dimensional control tasks and sparse-reward environments. However, their sampling inefficiency prevents them from being used for real-time planning and control. We propose an improved version of the CEM algorithm for fast planning, with novel additions including temporally-correlated actions and memory, requiring 2.7-22x less samples and yielding a performance increase of 1.2-10x in high-dimensional control problems.

Paper Code Spotlight-Video link (url) Project Page [BibTex]


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Visual-Inertial Mapping with Non-Linear Factor Recovery

Usenko, V., Demmel, N., Schubert, D., Stückler, J., Cremers, D.

IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L), 5, 2020, presented at IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2020, preprint arXiv:1904.06504 (article)

Abstract
Cameras and inertial measurement units are complementary sensors for ego-motion estimation and environment mapping. Their combination makes visual-inertial odometry (VIO) systems more accurate and robust. For globally consistent mapping, however, combining visual and inertial information is not straightforward. To estimate the motion and geometry with a set of images large baselines are required. Because of that, most systems operate on keyframes that have large time intervals between each other. Inertial data on the other hand quickly degrades with the duration of the intervals and after several seconds of integration, it typically contains only little useful information. In this paper, we propose to extract relevant information for visual-inertial mapping from visual-inertial odometry using non-linear factor recovery. We reconstruct a set of non-linear factors that make an optimal approximation of the information on the trajectory accumulated by VIO. To obtain a globally consistent map we combine these factors with loop-closing constraints using bundle adjustment. The VIO factors make the roll and pitch angles of the global map observable, and improve the robustness and the accuracy of the mapping. In experiments on a public benchmark, we demonstrate superior performance of our method over the state-of-the-art approaches.

Code Preprint link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

Code Preprint link (url) Project Page [BibTex]


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DirectShape: Photometric Alignment of Shape Priors for Visual Vehicle Pose and Shape Estimation

Wang, R., Yang, N., Stückler, J., Cremers, D.

In Proceedings of the IEEE international Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2020, arXiv:1904.10097 (inproceedings)

Project Page [BibTex]

Project Page [BibTex]


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Learning to Adapt Multi-View Stereo by Self-Supervision

Mallick, A., Stückler, J., Lensch, H.

In Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC), 2020, preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.13278 (inproceedings)

link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

link (url) Project Page [BibTex]

2019


{EM}-Fusion: Dynamic Object-Level SLAM With Probabilistic Data Association
EM-Fusion: Dynamic Object-Level SLAM With Probabilistic Data Association

Strecke, M., Stückler, J.

In Proceedings IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision 2019 (ICCV), pages: 5864-5873, IEEE, 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), October 2019 (inproceedings)

preprint Project page Code Poster DOI Project Page [BibTex]

2019

preprint Project page Code Poster DOI Project Page [BibTex]


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Learning to Disentangle Latent Physical Factors for Video Prediction

Zhu, D., Munderloh, M., Rosenhahn, B., Stückler, J.

In Pattern Recognition - Proceedings German Conference on Pattern Recognition (GCPR), Springer International, German Conference on Pattern Recognition (GCPR), September 2019 (inproceedings)

dataset & evaluation code video preprint DOI Project Page [BibTex]

dataset & evaluation code video preprint DOI Project Page [BibTex]


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3D Birds-Eye-View Instance Segmentation

Elich, C., Engelmann, F., Kontogianni, T., Leibe, B.

In Pattern Recognition - Proceedings 41st DAGM German Conference, DAGM GCPR 2019, pages: 48-61, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) 11824, (Editors: Fink G.A., Frintrop S., Jiang X.), Springer, 2019 German Conference on Pattern Recognition (GCPR), September 2019, ISSN: 03029743 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

[BibTex]

2018


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Direct Sparse Odometry With Rolling Shutter

Schubert, D., Usenko, V., Demmel, N., Stueckler, J., Cremers, D.

In European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), September 2018, oral presentation (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

2018

[BibTex]


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Deep Virtual Stereo Odometry: Leveraging Deep Depth Prediction for Monocular Direct Sparse Odometry

Yang, N., Wang, R., Stueckler, J., Cremers, D.

In European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), September 2018, oral presentation, preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.02570 (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

link (url) [BibTex]


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The TUM VI Benchmark for Evaluating Visual-Inertial Odometry

Schubert, D., Goll, T., Demmel, N., Usenko, V., Stueckler, J., Cremers, D.

In IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2018, arXiv:1804.06120 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

[BibTex]


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Detailed Dense Inference with Convolutional Neural Networks via Discrete Wavelet Transform

Ma, L., Stueckler, J., Wu, T., Cremers, D.

arxiv, 2018, arXiv:1808.01834 (techreport)

[BibTex]

[BibTex]


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Variational Network Quantization

Achterhold, J., Koehler, J. M., Schmeink, A., Genewein, T.

In International Conference on Learning Representations , 2018 (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

link (url) [BibTex]


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Omnidirectional DSO: Direct Sparse Odometry with Fisheye Cameras

Matsuki, H., von Stumberg, L., Usenko, V., Stueckler, J., Cremers, D.

IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L) & Int. Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L), IEEE, 2018 (article)

[BibTex]

[BibTex]


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Light field intrinsics with a deep encoder-decoder network

Alperovich, A., Johannsen, O., Strecke, M., Goldluecke, B.

In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2018 (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

link (url) [BibTex]


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Sublabel-accurate convex relaxation with total generalized variation regularization

(DAGM Best Master's Thesis Award)

Strecke, M., Goldluecke, B.

In German Conference on Pattern Recognition (Proc. GCPR), 2018 (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

link (url) [BibTex]

2017


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From Monocular SLAM to Autonomous Drone Exploration

von Stumberg, L., Usenko, V., Engel, J., Stueckler, J., Cremers, D.

In European Conference on Mobile Robots (ECMR), September 2017 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

2017

[BibTex]


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Multi-View Deep Learning for Consistent Semantic Mapping with RGB-D Cameras

Ma, L., Stueckler, J., Kerl, C., Cremers, D.

In IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Vancouver, Canada, 2017 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

[BibTex]


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Accurate depth and normal maps from occlusion-aware focal stack symmetry

Strecke, M., Alperovich, A., Goldluecke, B.

In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2017 (inproceedings)

source code link (url) [BibTex]

source code link (url) [BibTex]


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Semi-Supervised Deep Learning for Monocular Depth Map Prediction

Kuznietsov, Y., Stueckler, J., Leibe, B.

In IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2017 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

[BibTex]


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Shadow and Specularity Priors for Intrinsic Light Field Decomposition

Alperovich, A., Johannsen, O., Strecke, M., Goldluecke, B.

In Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (EMMCVPR), 2017 (inproceedings)

link (url) [BibTex]

link (url) [BibTex]


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Keyframe-Based Visual-Inertial Online SLAM with Relocalization

Kasyanov, A., Engelmann, F., Stueckler, J., Leibe, B.

In IEEE/RSJ Int. Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS, 2017 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

[BibTex]


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SAMP: Shape and Motion Priors for 4D Vehicle Reconstruction

Engelmann, F., Stueckler, J., Leibe, B.

In IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, WACV, 2017 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

[BibTex]

2016


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Robust calibration marker detection in powder bed images from laser beam melting processes

zur Jacobsmühlen, J., Achterhold, J., Kleszczynski, S., Witt, G., Merhof, D.

In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), pages: 910-915, March 2016 (inproceedings)

DOI [BibTex]

2016

DOI [BibTex]


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NimbRo Explorer: Semi-Autonomous Exploration and Mobile Manipulation in Rough Terrain

Stueckler, J., Schwarz, M., Schadler, M., Topalidou-Kyniazopoulou, A., Behnke, S.

Journal of Field Robotics (JFR), 33(4):411-430, Wiley, 2016 (article)

[BibTex]

[BibTex]


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Multi-Layered Mapping and Navigation for Autonomous Micro Aerial Vehicles

Droeschel, D., Nieuwenhuisen, M., Beul, M., Stueckler, J., Holz, D., Behnke, S.

Journal of Field Robotics (JFR), 33(4):451-475, 2016 (article)

[BibTex]

[BibTex]


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Direct Visual-Inertial Odometry with Stereo Cameras

Usenko, V., Engel, J., Stueckler, J., Cremers, D.

In IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 2016 (inproceedings)

[BibTex]

[BibTex]